En este paper Ted Miguel, Sebastian M. Saiegh and Shanker Satyanath encuentran que el comportamiento violento de los jugadores internacionales de futbol en las ligas europeas (medido a traves de la cantidad de tarjetas amarillas y rojas que reciben) esta fuertemente correlacionado con la historia de conflictos civiles en el pais de origen del jugador. Es decir, encuentran una correlacion positiva entre el comportamiento violento del jugador y la historia de conflictos sociales en su pais de origen:
"We find a strong relationship between the history of civil conflict in a player’s home country and his propensity to behave violently on the soccer field, as measured by yellow and red cards. This link is robust to region fixed effects, country characteristics, and player characteristics (e.g., age, field position, market value). Reinforcing our claim that we isolate cultures of violence rather than simple rule-breaking or something else entirely, there is no meaningful correlation between a player’s home country civil war history and regular (no-card) fouls earned or goals scored."Hat tip to Dani Rodrik.
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